Plastic recycling results in rare metals being found in children's toys
and food packaging

Date:
February 17, 2021
Source:
University of Plymouth
Summary:
Scientists tested a range of new and used products - including
children's toys, office equipment and cosmetic containers - and
found they contained quantities of rare earth elements.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
Some of the planet's rarest metals -- used in the manufacture of
smartphones and other electrical equipment -- are increasingly being
found in everyday consumer plastics, according to new research.


========================================================================== Scientists from the University of Plymouth and University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign tested a range of new and used products including children's toys, office equipment and cosmetic containers.

Through a number of detailed assessments, they examined levels of rare
earth elements (REEs) but also quantities of bromine and antimony, used
as flame retardants in electrical equipment and a sign of the presence
of recycled electronic plastic.

The results showed one or more REEs were found in 24 of the 31 products
tested, including items where unregulated recycling is prohibited such
as single-use food packaging.

They were most commonly observed in samples containing bromine and
antimony at levels insufficient to effect flame retardancy, but also
found in plastics where those chemicals weren't present.

Having also been found in beached marine plastics, the study's
authors have suggested there is evidence that REEs are ubiquitous and
pervasive contaminants of both contemporary and historical consumer and environmental plastics.



==========================================================================
The study, published in Science of the Total Environment, is the first
to systematically investigate the full suite of REEs in a broad range
of consumer plastics.

While they have previously been found in a variety of environments --
including ground water, soils and the atmosphere -- the study demonstrates
the wide REE contamination of the "plastisphere" that does not appear
to be related to a single source or activity.

Dr Andrew Turner, Associate Professor (Reader) in Environmental
Sciences at the University of Plymouth and the study's lead author,
said: "Rare earth elements have a variety of critical applications in
modern electronic equipment because of their magnetic, phosphorescent
and electrochemical properties. However, they are not deliberately added
to plastic to serve any function. So their presence is more likely the
result of incidental contamination during the mechanical separation and processing of recoverable components.

"The health impacts arising from chronic exposure to small quantities of
these metals are unknown. But they have been found in greater levels
in food and tap water and certain medicines, meaning plastics are
unlikely to represent a significant vector of exposure to the general population. However, they could signify the presence of other more widely
known and better-studied chemical additives and residues that are a cause
for concern." The research is the latest work by Dr Turner examining
the presence of toxic substances within everyday consumer products,
marine litter and the wider environment.

In May 2018, he showed that hazardous chemicals such as bromine, antimony
and lead are finding their way into food-contact items and other everyday products because manufacturers are using recycled electrical equipment
as a source of black plastic.

His work was part of a successful application by the University to earn
the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education for its pioneering research on microplastics pollution.

It also builds on previous work at the University, which saw scientists
blend a smartphone to demonstrate quantities of rare or so-called
'conflict' elements in each product.

========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_Plymouth. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Andrew Turner, John W. Scott, Lee A. Green. Rare earth elements in
plastics. Science of The Total Environment, 2021; 774: 145405 DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145405 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/02/210217091025.htm

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