Dinosaurs' unique bone structure key to carrying weight
Trabecular structure different than mammals, birds

Date:
August 20, 2020
Source:
Southern Methodist University
Summary:
A unique collaboration between paleontologists, mechanical
engineers and biomedical engineers revealed that the trabecular bone
structure of hadrosaurs and several other dinosaurs is uniquely
capable of supporting large weights, and different than that of
mammals and birds.



FULL STORY ========================================================================== Weighing up to 8,000 pounds, hadrosaurs, or duck-billed dinosaurs were
among the largest dinosaurs to roam the Earth. How did the skeletons of
these four- legged, plant-eating dinosaurs with very long necks support
such a massive load?

==========================================================================
New research recently published in PLOS ONE offers an answer. A unique collaboration between paleontologists, mechanical engineers and biomedical engineers revealed that the trabecular bone structure of hadrosaurs and
several other dinosaurs is uniquely capable of supporting large weights,
and different than that of mammals and birds.

"The structure of the trabecular, or spongy bone that forms in the
interior of bones we studied is unique within dinosaurs," said Tony
Fiorillo, SMU paleontologist and one of the study authors. The trabecular
bone tissue surrounds the tiny spaces or holes in the interior part of the bone, Fiorillo says, such as what you might see in a ham or steak bone.

"Unlike in mammals and birds, the trabecular bone does not increase in thickness as the body size of dinosaurs increase," he says. "Instead
it increases in density of the occurrence of spongy bone. Without this
weight- saving adaptation, the skeletal structure needed to support
the hadrosaurs would be so heavy, the dinosaurs would have had great
difficulty moving." The interdisciplinary team of researchers used
engineering failure theories and allometry scaling, which describes how
the characteristics of a living creature change with size, to analyze
CT scans of the distal femur and proximal tibia of dinosaur fossils.

The team, funded by the National Science Foundation Office of Polar
Programs and the National Geographic Society, is the first to use these
tools to better understand the bone structure of extinct species and the
first to assess the relationship between bone architecture and movement
in dinosaurs. They compared their findings to scans of living animals,
such as Asian elephants and extinct mammals such as mammoths.

"Understanding the mechanics of the trabecular architecture of dinosaurs
may help us better understand the design of other lightweight and dense structures," said Trevor Aguirre, lead author of the paper and a recent mechanical engineering Ph.D. graduate of Colorado State University.

The idea for the study began ten years ago, when Seth Donahue, now a
University of Massachusetts biomedical engineer and expert on animal
bone structure, was invited to attend an Alaskan academic conference
hosted by Fiorillo and other colleagues interested in understanding
dinosaurian life in the ancient Arctic.

That's where Fiorillo first learned of Donahue's use of CT scans and engineering theories to analyze the bone structure of modern animals.

"In science we rarely have lightning bolt or 'aha' moments," Fiorillo
says.

"Instead we have, 'huh?' moments that often are not close to what
we envisioned, but instead create questions of their own." Applying engineering theories to analyze dinosaur fossils and the subsequent new understanding of dinosaurs' unique adaptation to their huge size grew
from the 'huh?' moment at that conference.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by Southern_Methodist_University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Trevor G. Aguirre, Aniket Ingrole, Luca Fuller, Tim W. Seek,
Anthony R.

Fiorillo, Joseph J. W. Sertich, Seth W. Donahue. Differing
trabecular bone architecture in dinosaurs and mammals contribute
to stiffness and limits on bone strain. PLOS ONE, 2020; 15 (8):
e0237042 DOI: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0237042 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200820143232.htm

--- up 5 weeks, 1 day, 1 hour, 55 minutes
* Origin: -=> Castle Rock BBS <=- Now Husky HPT Powered! (1337:3/111)