Researchers 3D print a working heart pump with real human cells
Discovery could open new doors for heart research

Date:
July 15, 2020
Source:
University of Minnesota
Summary:
In a groundbreaking new study, researchers have 3D printed a
functioning centimeter-scale human heart pump in the lab. The
discovery could have major implications for studying heart disease,
the leading cause of death in the United States killing more than
600,000 people a year.



FULL STORY ==========================================================================
In a groundbreaking new study, researchers at the University of Minnesota
have 3D printed a functioning centimeter-scale human heart pump in the
lab. The discovery could have major implications for studying heart
disease, the leading cause of death in the United States killing more
than 600,000 people a year.


==========================================================================
The study is published and appears on the cover of Circulation Research,
a publication of the American Heart Association.

In the past, researchers have tried to 3D print cardiomyocytes, or heart
muscle cells, that were derived from what are called pluripotent human
stem cells.

Pluripotent stem cells are cells with the potential to develop into any
type of cell in the body. Researchers would reprogram these stem cells
to heart muscle cells and then use specialized 3D printers to print
them within a three- dimensional structure, called an extracellular
matrix. The problem was that scientists could never reach critical cell
density for the heart muscle cells to actually function.

In this new study, University of Minnesota researchers flipped the
process, and it worked.

"At first, we tried 3D printing cardiomyocytes, and we failed, too,"
said Brenda Ogle, the lead researcher on the study and head of the
Department of Biomedical Engineering in the University of Minnesota
College of Science and Engineering. "So with our team's expertise in
stem cell research and 3D printing, we decided to try a new approach. We optimized the specialized ink made from extracellular matrix proteins,
combined the ink with human stem cells and used the ink-plus-cells to
3D print the chambered structure. The stem cells were expanded to high
cell densities in the structure first, and then we differentiated them
to the heart muscle cells." What the team found was that for the first
time ever they could achieve the goal of high cell density within less
than a month to allow the cells to beat together, just like a human heart.



========================================================================== "After years of research, we were ready to give up and then two of
my biomedical engineering Ph.D. students, Molly Kupfer and Wei-Han
Lin, suggested we try printing the stem cells first," said Ogle, who
also serves as director of the University of Minnesota's Stem Cell
Institute. "We decided to give it one last try. I couldn't believe it
when we looked at the dish in the lab and saw the whole thing contracting spontaneously and synchronously and able to move fluid." Ogle said this
is also a critical advance in heart research because this new study shows
how they were able to 3D print heart muscle cells in a way that the cells
could organize and work together. Because the cells were differentiating
right next to each other it's more similar to how the stem cells would
grow in the body and then undergo specification to heart muscle cells.

Compared to other high-profile research in the past, Ogle said this
discovery creates a structure that is like a closed sac with a fluid inlet
and fluid outlet, where they can measure how a heart moves blood within
the body. This makes it an invaluable tool for studying heart function.

"We now have a model to track and trace what is happening at the cell
and molecular level in pump structure that begins to approximate the
human heart," Ogle said. "We can introduce disease and damage into the
model and then study the effects of medicines and other therapeutics."
The heart muscle model is about 1.5 centimeters long and was specifically designed to fit into the abdominal cavity of a mouse for further study.

"All of this seems like a simple concept, but how you achieve this is
quite complex. We see the potential and think that our new discovery
could have a transformative effect on heart research," Ogle said.

In addition to Ogle, Kupfer and Lin, other University of Minnesota
researchers involved include University of Minnesota College of Science
and Engineering faculty Professor Alena G. Tolkacheva (biomedical
engineering) and Professor Michael McAlpine (mechanical engineering); University of Minnesota Medical School Associate Professor DeWayne
Townsend (integrative biology and physiology); current and former
University of Minnesota master's, Ph.D.

students and postdocs Vasanth Ravikumar (electrical engineering),
Kaiyan Qiu (Ph.D., mechanical engineering), and Didarul B. Bhuiyan
(Ph.D.), Megan Lenz (M.S.), and Ryan R. Mahutga (biomedical engineering);
and undergraduate student Jeffrey Ai (biomedical engineering). The team
also included University of Alabama Department of Biomedical Engineering Professor and Chair Jianyi Zhang and University of Alabama biomedical engineering Ph.D. student Lu Wang and research associate Ling Gao (Ph.D.).

This research was primarily funded by the National Institutes of Health (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and National Institute of General Medical
Science) with additional funding from the National Science Foundation
Graduate Research Fellowship Project and the University of Minnesota
Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship.


========================================================================== Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_Minnesota. Note:
Content may be edited for style and length.


========================================================================== Journal Reference:
1. Molly E. Kupfer, Wei-Han Lin, Vasanth Ravikumar, Kaiyan Qiu,
Lu Wang,
Ling Gao, Didarul B. Bhuiyan, Megan Lenz, Jeffrey Ai, Ryan
R. Mahutga, DeWayne Townsend, Jianyi Zhang, Michael C. McAlpine,
Elena G. Tolkacheva, Brenda M. Ogle. In Situ Expansion,
Differentiation, and Electromechanical Coupling of Human Cardiac
Muscle in a 3D Bioprinted, Chambered Organoid.

Circulation Research, 2020; 127 (2): 207 DOI: 10.1161/
CIRCRESAHA.119.316155 ==========================================================================

Link to news story: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200715131216.htm

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